Updated for FY 2083/84 (2026/27)

Excise duty in Nepal

196 questions answered. Excise licences, rates, excise stamps, self-removal, liquor and tobacco rules.

Short answer: Excise duty in Nepal applies mainly to licensed production and import of liquor, tobacco and certain vehicles. A licensee pays duty through the self-removal system, affixes excise stamps where required, and files excise returns alongside the licence. Rates, licensing steps, stamps and penalties are answered by topic below.

How does excise duty work in Nepal?

Where can I get general information about excise duty?

From the relevant Inland Revenue Office, Taxpayer Service Office, or the Inland Revenue Department.

How is excise duty charged on imported excisable goods?

At the customs point, at the time of import.

What kind of tax is excise duty?

A tax on domestic production and import of goods and services. In principle it is levied on goods harmful to human health or the environment, and on luxury goods. It generally applies only at production and import. Excise duty is the tax charged at the time of removal on designated domestically produced or imported goods, or services provided, either on the value made up of production cost plus the establishment's profit, or on the quantity removed, at the prescribed rate.

What are the duties of licensees who produce, supply or import excisable goods and services?

They must comply with all duties under the Excise Act and Rules.

What rights does a taxpayer have under the Excise Act and Rules?

  • To be treated with respect
  • To receive necessary information on excise matters in accordance with law
  • To an opportunity to present evidence in their defence on excise matters
  • To appoint a legal practitioner or auditor for their defence
  • To confidentiality of excise matters, except as provided in the Excise Act

What is an excise advance ruling?

The department's written opinion clarifying uncertainty a person has in applying a provision of the Excise Act.

How is an excise advance ruling requested?

Apply in writing to the Inland Revenue Department to resolve uncertainty about applying the Act to something you intend to do.

Where is an excise advance ruling obtained?

From the Inland Revenue Department.

Can the department issue an advance ruling on a matter pending in court?

No

What is the process for obtaining an excise advance ruling?

Apply to the department in the prescribed format, with full and accurate details of the matter.

What is an invoice under the Excise Act?

A bill, receipt, slip or acknowledgement showing the price, issued under the Excise Act.

Who needs an excise licence?

What licence fees and renewal fees apply to licences required under the Excise Act and the Liquor Act?

Licence and renewal fees were set by the Finance Bill (Replacement) 2078. They are adjusted by each year's Finance Act, so check the Act for the relevant fiscal year.

Liquor and ethanol production:

Spirit producer
NPR 195,000
Beer producer
NPR 195,000
Ethanol producer
NPR 195,000
Fruit-based wine or brandy only
NPR 96,000
Other liquor production
NPR 195,000
Cigarette producer
NPR 240,000

Liquor sale, hotels, restaurants and lodges:

  • Five-star hotel: NPR 60,000
  • Four-star: NPR 48,000
  • Three-star: NPR 36,000
  • Two-star: NPR 24,000
  • One-star: NPR 12,000
  • Tourist-standard restaurant, resort or party palace opening domestic and foreign liquor: NPR 8,500
  • Ordinary hotel, restaurant, bar or lodge opening domestic liquor: NPR 4,500

Liquor sellers:

  • Distributor: NPR 36,000
  • Wholesaler: NPR 24,000
  • Retailer of domestic and foreign liquor: NPR 12,000
  • Retailer of domestic liquor only, in metropolitan, sub-metropolitan or municipal areas: NPR 8,500
  • Retailer of domestic liquor only, elsewhere: NPR 4,500
  • Departmental store: NPR 24,000

Import and export of liquor:

Importer of foreign liquor and spirit
NPR 48,000
Liquor exporter
NPR 6,000

Import, trade and production of other goods:

  • Foreign cigarettes and cigars: NPR 48,000
  • Importer of tobacco products (foreign khaini, zarda, snuff, pan masala etc.): NPR 48,000
  • Wholesale of pan masala, cigarettes, khaini, zarda, snuff and tobacco products: NPR 7,200
  • Producer of pan masala, khaini, zarda, snuff and tobacco products other than cigarettes: NPR 120,000
  • Retail of cigarettes, khaini, zarda, snuff, pan parag and pan masala: NPR 2,000
  • Importer of foreign khudo and molasses: NPR 18,000
  • Trade in khudo, molasses and spirit, including export: NPR 6,000
  • Exporter of cigarettes and other tobacco products: NPR 6,000
  • Importer of other goods that attract excise when produced domestically: NPR 12,000
  • Importer of other goods that attract excise on import: NPR 12,000
  • Power-crusher jaggery, black jaggery and raskat producers: vertical roller up to 10 horsepower NPR 24,000; horizontal roller above 10 horsepower NPR 48,000

All other establishments pay a production licence fee of NPR 60 per NPR 100,000 of fixed capital, with a minimum of NPR 8,000 and a maximum of NPR 48,000. Fruit-based wine and liquor industries in remote areas pay 75% less.

The Finance Act 2083 did not publish a revised licence fee schedule in its amendments. Confirm the fee with your Inland Revenue Office before paying.

What happens if excisable goods are traded without a licence or registration?

Producing or importing excisable goods or services without a licence under the Excise Act leads to confiscation of the goods involved and a fine equal to their value, imprisonment of up to one year, or both. Selling or storing excisable goods or services without a licence is fined NPR 5,000 to NPR 15,000. Trading without a licence does not exempt the person from the licence and renewal fees.

What do the Act and Rules say about cancelling a licence?

A licence can be cancelled if:

  • The conditions or restrictions in the licence are breached
  • It is found to be against the public interest
  • Excise duty payable is not paid
  • The licensee organisation is dissolved, or the licensee applies to cancel the licence

In what circumstances can a licence be suspended?

If you stop dealing in excisable goods or services, you can apply to the excise officer within 15 days, with reasons, to suspend the licence. Once the excise officer confirms the suspension, you do not need to file excise returns or renew the licence for the suspension period. From FY 2083/84, a renewal deadline that falls during suspension is not treated as lapsed.

How long is a licence valid?

Licences issued under the Excise Act are normally valid for one fiscal year.

How is an excise licence obtained?

Apply to the relevant Inland Revenue Office or Taxpayer Service Office, or in districts without one, to the Treasury and Accounts Controller Office, using the format prescribed in the Excise Rules 2059, with proof of payment of the licence fee for the relevant business and the required documents. Taxpayers can now renew excise licences entirely online, but must visit the relevant office to collect the certificate.

When is an excise licence not required?

  • When importing excisable goods under diplomatic privileges on the recommendation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • For selling or storing goods under the self-removal system. However, a licence is still required for producing, selling and distributing cigarettes and tobacco products even under self-removal, and industries producing goods from domestic scrap must obtain an excise licence before trading.

Who needs which licence to deal in excisable goods?

Producing excisable goods
a production licence
Importing excisable goods
an import licence
Buying and selling excisable goods
a trading licence
Storing excisable goods
a storage licence
Exporting excisable goods
an export licence

Can I apply for registration after starting business, or must I apply before?

Apply for the licence before starting business.

Which activities require an excise licence?

A licence is required before starting to produce, import, export, sell or store liquor, beer, wine, cigarettes and tobacco products, and before any wholesale or retail buying, selling, transporting or warehousing of them. For other excisable goods, exporters and importers need a licence before exporting or importing, and producers before starting production, but sellers of those goods do not need a licence.

Is a separate PAN needed to deal in excisable goods?

No

A person who already has a PAN does not need another. They must, however, apply for and obtain a licence from the relevant Inland Revenue Office, Taxpayer Service Office, or Treasury and Accounts Controller Office, paying the licence fee for the nature of their business, and attach a copy of the PAN certificate to the application.

I am about to deal in excisable goods. When and where must I obtain a licence?

A licence must be obtained before producing, importing, selling or distributing alcoholic products (liquor, wine, beer, spirit and similar) and tobacco products (cigarettes, bidi, khaini, gutkha, pan parag, pan masala and similar). For goods under the self-removal system other than cigarettes and tobacco, such as marble, tiles, televisions, motorcycles, kurkure snacks, cement, iron rods, paints and plastic goods, a licence is required before production, but not for selling or distributing them.

Obtain the licence from the relevant Inland Revenue Office or Taxpayer Service Office, or in districts without one, the Treasury and Accounts Controller Office.

What must be attached to register a business dealing in excisable goods?

The business registration certificate from the relevant authority, copies of the PAN certificate and Nepali citizenship certificate, two passport-size photographs, a map of the place of business, and any other prescribed documents.

When, where and by whom must a licence be renewed?

Every licensee dealing in excisable goods must renew at the office that issued the licence, paying the prescribed fee, within the month of Shrawan. Producers of alcoholic and tobacco products such as spirit, khandsari industries, liquor, wine, beer, cigarettes, bidi, tobacco, gutkha and pan masala can renew until the end of Magh on paying the prescribed fine. Traders buying and selling these goods can renew until the end of the fiscal year on paying the prescribed fine. A licence not renewed within the period allowed with a fine is automatically cancelled.

What licence fee concession applies to fruit-based wine and liquor industries in remote areas?

Fruit-based wine and liquor industries in the least developed areas listed in Schedule 10 of the Industrial Enterprises Act 2076 receive a 75% reduction in the licence fee.

Is a licence cancelled if the renewal deadline passes?

For producers and importers, the licence is cancelled if not renewed by the end of Magh. A licensee can renew after the deadline by paying a fine: 25% of the renewal fee within the first three months, 50% within the next three months, 75% within the following three months, and 100% for the period after that up to the end of Asar. If not renewed by the end of Asar, the licence is cancelled.

I obtained an excise licence 3 years ago and have never renewed it. What should I do?

It cannot be renewed. You are not released from the renewal fees for the period it was not renewed.

What process must be followed to cancel an excise licence?

If you are ceasing business, sell your stock of excisable goods, pay all excise outstanding, and apply to the office for cancellation with proof of payment and the licence attached.

What action is taken against trading without the licence required by the Excise Act?

The person is not released from the licence and renewal fees, and is subject to the penalties and fines in the Act and Rules.

Is a licence required just to store or warehouse excisable goods?

Yes

Is a PAN needed to deal in excisable goods?

Yes

before obtaining the excise licence.

What must a licensee do to trade from an additional branch?

For goods under physical control, obtain a separate licence for the branch. Under self-removal, record the addition of the branch clearly on the licence and keep a copy at the branch.

Can a licence be obtained to restart suspended trading in excisable goods or services?

Yes

on applying to the excise officer and paying the prescribed fee, if the officer finds it appropriate after review.

By when must a licence be renewed?

Within Shrawan, after each fiscal year ends.

If a licence is cancelled, how is excise on goods in the warehouse recovered?

Stock can be sold with the office's approval after paying the excise on it. If outstanding excise is not paid, the goods are auctioned, the arrears are recovered from the proceeds, and the balance is returned to the owner.

Can a licence be renewed for more than one year?

Yes

A licensee can pay the renewal fees for three fiscal years and renew for three years at once.

What does the law say about licences for new products and brands?

  • To produce any excisable goods under a new brand, or change a brand, obtain a trademark registration certificate from the Department of Industry and then request production approval from the Inland Revenue Department.
  • Where a trademark application is registered but the certificate not yet issued, and the Department of Industry decides to publish notice in the Industrial Property Bulletin and informs the Inland Revenue Department, production of the new goods or brand can be approved on that basis. The industry must then submit the trademark certificate within one year of approval, or the approval is cancelled. If the Department of Industry extends the time and informs the department, production can continue for that period.
  • Goods under physical control, and cigarettes and tobacco under self-removal, cannot be produced or sold without an approved brand. Trial production approval from the Inland Revenue Department is required before producing a new brand, and applications to change or introduce a brand can be made only after Department of Industry approval.
  • Trial production approval is granted only after the producer shows proof that all excise, excise stamp fees, advance payments, VAT and income tax due have been paid.
  • Liquor, beer, wine and cider produced under trial approval must be sent, brand by brand, to the Inland Revenue Department for testing, with details of the ingredients used.
  • The department keeps one sample and tests it in a laboratory. Only if the sample matches what is claimed, or is fit for consumption, is the product eligible for commercial production approval.
  • Commercial production approval is granted only once all the above documents and procedures are complete.

Is approval needed to produce a new brand of liquor? If so, from where?

Yes

from the Inland Revenue Department, before production.

Is a licence needed to make liquor for personal use?

No excise licence is needed. Up to 5 litres of spirit and up to 10 litres of jaand can be made at a time, up to six times a year. The person must inform the excise officer.

What must I do to add an objective to my excise licence?

Apply to the relevant office to add the objective.

I want to sell my domestic liquor wholesale business. Can the licence be transferred to the buyer's name?

No

licences cannot be transferred. Pay all excise for the period you operated, surrender the licence, and the buyer must register and obtain a separate licence to run the business.

What are the excise duty rates and how is value assessed?

How is the per-litre excise rate worked out from the rate per LP (London Proof) litre?

Use the formula: rate per LP litre x (100 - UP strength) / 100.

Example: if liquor of 50 UP strength attracts NPR 900 per LP litre, the per-litre excise is NPR 900 x (100 - 50) / 100 = NPR 450.

What alcohol percentage do liquors from 15 to 70 UP contain?

15 UP
100 - 15 = 85 proof x 57.065% = 48.50%
25 UP
75 proof x 57.065% = 42.80%
30 UP
70 proof x 57.065% = 40.32%
40 UP
60 proof x 57.065% = 34.23%
50 UP
50 proof x 57.065% = 28.53%
70 UP
30 proof x 57.065% = 17.11%

What strength is 70 UP liquor, and what percentage of alcohol does it contain?

UP means under London Proof. London Proof is taken as 100, so 70 UP is 100 - 70 = 30 proof. At 57.065% per proof, that is 17.11% alcohol.

What are LP, OP and UP?

Liquor containing 57.065% alcohol is London Proof (LP). Stronger than LP is Over Proof (OP), and weaker is Under Proof (UP). LP strength is taken as 100 for calculations.

In how many ways is excise duty charged?

Two: as a prescribed percentage of the value of the goods or services, or at a prescribed rate on the quantity of goods.

What does excise rate mean?

The rate set in the schedule to section 3 of the Excise Act 2058 by the annual Finance Act.

How is the value of excisable goods determined?

  • The ex-factory price set by the producer on sale, or
  • For services, the invoice value issued at the time of sale, or
  • The value set by the office on the basis of production cost or another suitable basis, or
  • For imports, the customs value plus customs duty

On what value is excise charged on imported cigarettes?

On the customs value plus customs duty. Currently, however, excise on cigarettes is charged on quantity.

What are excise stamps and controls?

How are excise stamps used?

The department provides excise stamps on payment of the applicable fee. Stamps must be affixed so they cannot be removed without tearing: across the bottle and cap of liquor, cider and wine; on beer bottles or cartons as the department specifies; on each packet of cigarettes; and on each packet, box or pouch of khaini or tobacco. The department can change which goods require stamps and how they are applied, and stamps must then be used according to the revised method.

Must an excise sticker go on every bottle of beer, or is the carton enough?

Every 650 ml bottle of beer needs an excise sticker. For other sizes, one sticker is placed on the top and one on the bottom of the carton.

At which stages from production to removal and sale must beer be controlled?

Monitoring and control are required at these points:

  • Records of raw materials such as barley and hops
  • Records of each batch after brewing
  • Records of crown corks
  • Use of excise stamps
  • Use of flow meters
  • Records of each stage and of wastage

What must the label on each bottle of beer show?

The trademark, production date, batch number, serial number, alcohol content, brand name, maximum retail price and best-before date.

What packing weights apply to tobacco products other than cigarettes?

The outer packet of tobacco and khaini must be 400 grams. Gutkha, pan masala, scented supari and similar must be packed in 150-gram outer packets.

Who issues excise stamps?

Inland Revenue Offices and Taxpayer Service Offices, or in districts without them, Treasury and Accounts Controller Offices, on payment of the prescribed fee.

Which cigarettes need excise stamps?

Every packet of cigarettes, whether produced domestically or imported.

On which goods are excise stamps compulsory?

Every bottle of liquor, beer, cider and wine; every packet of cigarettes; every 400-gram outer of tobacco and khaini; and every 150-gram outer packet of gutkha and pan masala.

When are excise stamps affixed?

When liquor or tobacco products are produced or imported and stored.

Are excise stamps free, or must they be bought?

They must be bought from the relevant Inland Revenue Office by paying the prescribed price.

What is an excise stamp?

A stamp with security features, specified by the department, that must be affixed to domestically produced or imported liquor, tobacco products and other designated goods.

If excise stamps are torn, damaged or short while being used, can they be waived or replaced?

The office can replace them on the basis of physical verification and certification by the excise officer or staff they assign.

What is a stamp lock (door lock) in excise?

A stamp affixed to a locked lock so that opening the lock tears the stamp.

Must a licensee get prior approval to make denatured spirit for other uses?

Yes

from the relevant office.

Who keeps the account of excise stamps received and used at a factory, and how?

The excise unit of the Inland Revenue Office at the establishment keeps an up-to-date ledger of stamps received and used. For goods under self-removal, staff designated by the establishment keep the account of excise stickers received and used.

What must be done with torn and damaged excise stamps?

The relevant office records them in a formal inventory and destroys them following the department's procedure. Separate committees at department and office level carry out the destruction after completing the prescribed procedure.

Can stamps torn, damaged or short in use be replaced?

Yes

after the prescribed procedure is completed.

When weighing tobacco products such as pan masala, zarda and snuff, is only the product weighed?

No

The total weight must include labels, packing materials and lime.

Must excise stamps be affixed when selling imported goods?

Excise stamps must be affixed at the time of import on every bottle of imported liquor, beer, cider and wine, and on every packet of cigarettes.

Under the physical control system, who holds the excise stamps at the industry or establishment?

The excise staff (inspector) assigned to the industry or establishment.

If excise stamps are torn or damaged when affixed to liquor and beer bottles, is there a refund, compensation or waiver?

On the basis of physical inspection and certification by the excise officer or assigned staff, the office can grant a waiver, keeping samples of the damaged stamps on file, and provide the same number of new stickers of the same class as replacement.

What is the self-removal system?

What procedure must tobacco producers follow when removing their products?

Tobacco products fall under the self-removal system, so fill in the removal request form in four copies and remove the goods only after approval by the excise officer.

What records must industries under the self-removal system keep?

  • Raw material receipts and issues ledger
  • Monthly and annual reports of production and removal
  • Monthly and annual reports of raw materials
  • Purchase and sales books

Must an industry wanting to use the self-removal system obtain an excise licence?

Yes

but it does not need to renew it annually. Those dealing in tobacco products must renew even under self-removal.

What is self-removal?

A system under which businesses dealing in excisable goods or services, other than those under direct physical control and supervision, themselves carry out purchase, production, removal, import, export and sale, and determine and pay the excise duty due.

Who certifies the books and returns of excisable goods removed by the licensee under self-removal?

The licensee themselves, or a designated authorised person.

Where do the four copies of the removal request form go?

The first travels with the goods removed; the second goes to the office for the removing establishment; the third to the unit office; and the fourth is kept with the relevant seller or establishment.

What is a removal form?

The request form, in four copies, that must be completed for excise purposes before excisable goods are taken out of the producing establishment's premises through the prescribed procedure.

Where is the four-copy removal request submitted for approval?

To the excise officer

What is the difference between the physical control system and the self-removal system?

Under physical control, production, removal, import and export of excisable goods take place under the direct control of the excise officer or assigned staff. Under self-removal, businesses dealing in other excisable goods or services themselves carry out purchase, production, removal, import, export, sale and distribution, and determine and pay the excise due.

How is excise collected on goods and services sold under the self-removal system?

Excise due is shown and collected at the time the invoice is issued, in the format of Schedule 13, for goods and services produced, imported, sold or distributed under this system.

How do you file excise returns?

When must the excise return be filed?

Within 25 days of the end of the tax period, at the relevant Inland Revenue Office or Taxpayer Service Office. Taxpayers in districts without either office file by the 15th at the Treasury and Accounts Controller Office.

What fine applies for not filing, or filing late?

0.05% per day of the tax due under the return, or NPR 1,000 per tax period, whichever is higher.

Who files the excise return, when and where?

The producer of excisable goods files each month's return within 25 days of the end of the month, at the relevant Inland Revenue Office or Taxpayer Service Office, or in districts without them, the Treasury and Accounts Controller Office. A nil return must be filed for any month with no transactions.

By when must excise returns be filed?

The monthly return within 25 days of the end of the month, and the annual return within 25 days of the end of the fiscal year.

What happens if an excise return is not filed on time?

A fine of 0.05% per day of the excise due, or NPR 1,000 per return, whichever is higher.

Must a return be filed for a period with no transactions?

Yes

A person liable to assess and collect excise must file whether or not there were excisable transactions.

How often must excise returns be filed?

A monthly return after each month ends, and an annual return after the fiscal year ends.

What is the annual progress statement, and when must it be sent to the office?

A statement of the establishment's transactions for the whole year, submitted to the office in the prescribed format within 25 days of the end of the year.

What is a monthly statement (maskewari), and when must it be submitted?

The prescribed statement of a month's transactions prepared by an establishment producing excisable goods. Each month's statement must be submitted within 25 days of the end of the month.

When must beer production, removal and stock statements be sent to the office?

The prescribed monthly statements for the previous month must be sent by the 25th of each month.

How is excise duty paid and recovered?

Is excise duty on beer paid after removal or in advance?

In advance. The payment voucher must be attached to the removal request form and submitted for approval.

Who collects the excise duty assessed on excisable goods?

The producer at the time of removal, and for imported goods, the relevant customs office.

How is outstanding excise recovered?

  • By deducting it from any refund due to the person
  • By having the Government, a government-owned body or a local body deduct it from amounts due to the person
  • By having a bank, financial or other institution deduct it from the person's interests there, including deposits and investments
  • By suspending the person's sales, exports, imports and other business
  • By seizing their movable and immovable property
  • By auctioning all or part of their movable and immovable property, at once or in instalments, as prescribed
  • By auctioning goods in stock

What happens if excise due is not paid on time?

A late fee of 0.05% per day on the outstanding excise.

Where is excise paid on alcoholic goods under physical control, such as wine, cider, beer and molasses?

Producers pay at the relevant Inland Revenue Office at the time of removal. Importers pay at the customs point.

Within how many days of issuing an invoice must the excise on it be paid?

Within 25 days of the month following the invoice.

What excise credits and waivers are available?

Can all excise duty paid on purchases be credited?

No

From FY 2083/84, excise paid on auxiliary raw materials and packaging materials can be credited. The following still cannot be credited:

  • Excise paid on importing raw materials and machinery parts that are exempt from customs duty

Is excise waived on sugar or molasses lost because of improper storage?

No

Excise is not waived on sugar or molasses lost because the producer did not arrange proper storage.

What is the procedure for waiving beer lost in production?

Each month, submit to the excise officer in the prescribed format details of: the shortfall between the quantity shown by the flow meter and the bottle counter after bottling; breakage during pasteurisation, packaging and storage; and crown corks that could not be used. The excise officer physically inspects the beer and can waive the stock shortfall as prescribed.

When can excise be credited?

For alcoholic and tobacco products, excise paid on raw materials is credited on the basis of use in production. For other goods under self-removal (other than tobacco), credit is based on purchases.

How do excise refunds work?

By when must an excise refund be claimed?

Within one year of the end of the period for which the excise return was due.

How soon after claiming is an excise refund paid?

Within 60 days, if the refund is found due.

What export documents are needed to claim an excise refund?

  • Certificate of origin
  • Export declaration, receipt and invoice
  • Bill of entry and airway bill, consignment note or transport bill
  • Details of foreign currency payment received through a bank

When can excise duty be refunded?

When an industry producing excisable goods for export cannot offset, against the excise payable on removal, the excise it paid when buying or importing the raw materials used to produce the exported quantity.

What records must an excise licensee keep?

Can books be certified by excise staff other than the excise officer?

No

Which books must be kept after starting production under an excise production licence?

Persons producing, selling or storing excisable goods or services specified in the Excise Directive 2068 (revised 2076) must keep up-to-date books showing purchases, consumption and closing stock of raw materials, auxiliary raw materials and other inputs.

For how long must excise books and accounts be kept?

Six years

How must accounts and records of raw and unprocessed tobacco be kept?

All raw and unprocessed tobacco brought into the factory, domestic or foreign, must be recorded in the format of the schedule prescribed under rule 14(ka) of the Excise Rules 2059, certified by the factory owner or manager.

When must books be certified?

Ongoing businesses certify at the start of the fiscal year; new businesses before starting trading.

What is certification of books, and who certifies them?

Certification of the books a licensee dealing in excisable goods uses to record the details required by section 10kha(1) of the Act. They must be certified by the excise officer.

What records must sugar or khandsari industries keep of jaggery or molasses?

After producing jaggery or molasses, keep daily production and sales accounts up to date in the format of Schedule 12, and submit a monthly report to the office.

What must I do to keep required records on a computer or other mechanical system?

Obtain the department's permission and follow the method it specifies.

How does an excise assessment and audit work?

What counts as proper service of an excise assessment notice?

Service is made by any of the following:

  • Sending it to the person's address by fax, email or similar electronic means
  • Handing it to the person, their representative or employee, or for an entity, its manager or designated representative or employee
  • Sending it by registered post
  • Serving it through computer technology
  • Broadcasting or publishing the notice on radio, television or in a national daily newspaper

What fine can the excise officer impose when assessing excise on an additional or revised valuation?

Up to 100% of the additional excise.

What can the excise officer examine when reviewing an excise return?

The excise officer has power to:

  • Inspect the relevant goods, premises, papers, accounts and records
  • Inspect the place of business and any other place that may hold evidence of an offence
  • Request information from anyone preparing records, books, ledgers or returns
  • Take possession of the place of business or related papers
  • Carry out an excise audit
  • Request transaction information from banks, financial institutions or any other person

The excise officer assessed duty without giving the 15-day period to present a defence. Is the decision lawful?

No

A 15-day period to present a defence must be given.

When is an excise audit carried out?

Based on excise revenue risk; when the taxpayer is selected for audit; when illegal goods are readily available in the market; or when illegal or unusual use of excise stamps comes to light.

Who determines excise duty on excisable goods?

For domestic production, the producer, at the rates set in the schedule to the Excise Act 2058 by the annual Finance Act. For imports, the relevant customs office.

Who examines returns filed at the office?

The excise officer

In which situations can the excise officer assess excise?

  • The excise return is not filed on time
  • An incomplete or erroneous return is filed
  • A false return is filed
  • The officer has grounds to believe excise was understated or incorrect
  • The officer has grounds and reason to believe the sale price was under-invoiced, requiring revaluation or additional valuation under section 7(4)
  • A prescribed production yield for excisable goods or services is not achieved
  • The alcohol content of liquor removed, and of materials going to distillation, differs by more than one percent
  • Excise is evaded
  • A person trades in excisable goods without a licence

How is excise recovered if less than the amount due was paid?

By assessing and recovering it under section 10gha of the Act and rule 6ka.

Who inspects and certifies an establishment's physical stock, books, records and excise returns?

The excise officer

How and when is excise assessed on goods I import?

The customs officer assesses excise on the customs value plus customs duty.

How do you seek a review or appeal an excise decision?

What deposit is required for administrative review by the department, or an appeal to the Revenue Tribunal, on excise matters?

For administrative review, pay the undisputed excise and fines, and deposit one quarter of the disputed excise and fines. For an appeal to the Revenue Tribunal, deposit 50% of the disputed excise and fines, or provide a bank guarantee for that amount.

When appealing to the Revenue Tribunal, must 50% of the disputed excise and fine be deposited in cash, or can a bank guarantee be given?

A bank guarantee can also be given.

Where and within how many days must administrative review of an excise assessment or recovery decision be sought?

Apply to the Director General for administrative review within 30 days of receiving notice of the order.

Where and within what time must an appeal be made against a decision imposing imprisonment for an offence under section 16 of the Excise Act?

To the Revenue Tribunal within 35 days.

If I miss the deadline for a review application under the Excise Act, can it be extended? How?

Yes

Apply within 7 days of the deadline passing, stating why it was missed, and the department can extend it by up to 30 days from the date it lapsed.

In what circumstances and for what matters can an appeal be made to the Revenue Tribunal?

Against a suspension order by the Director General under section 30 of the Act, or a decision by the department on administrative review under section 31ka, under the Revenue Tribunal Act 2031.

What if the Director General does not decide within sixty days of an administrative review application, or I disagree with the decision?

You can appeal to the Revenue Tribunal.

Must anyone be informed after applying for administrative review?

Yes

Within fifteen days of filing the review application or appeal, register a copy with the relevant office for information.

Within how many days must the department decide an administrative review application filed on time?

Within sixty days

What are the penalties for excise violations?

What happens if goods are produced, removed, stored, sold or distributed using someone else's brand, or without a brand?

The goods involved are confiscated, with a fine of 200% of their value or NPR 1 lakh, whichever is higher, imprisonment of up to one year, or both.

How is the value of unbranded liquor produced or transported determined?

On the price of liquor of 70 UP strength.

What penalty applies to producing, removing, storing, selling or distributing goods under another person's brand, or without a brand?

The goods are confiscated, with a fine of 200% of their value or NPR 1 lakh, whichever is higher, imprisonment of up to one year, or both.

What happens if liquor is removed without batch and serial numbers?

It is treated as trading in illegal liquor.

What action is taken if sealed liquor bottles without excise stamps are found being sold?

It is treated as trading in illegal liquor.

What action is taken against a person who suppresses, conceals or evades excise duty?

The goods involved are confiscated, with a fine equal to their value, imprisonment of up to one year, or both.

What reward does a government employee or other person receive for reporting a breach of the Excise Act?

10% of the value recovered from the excisable goods.

What reward is given to a person who seizes and hands over goods being sold with evasion of excise?

Up to 20% of the value recovered from the excisable goods.

What action is taken if cigarettes without excise stamps are found for sale?

Selling cigarettes without excise stamps is a punishable offence. The goods are confiscated, with a fine equal to their value, imprisonment of up to one year, or both.

What happens to tobacco products and liquor sold without excise stamps?

They are illegal. Selling them is a punishable offence: the goods are confiscated, their value is determined, and a fine equal to that value is imposed.

What action is taken if alcohol content differs by more than one percent?

A fine of 100% of the revenue lost.

What fine applies to selling or storing excisable goods or services without a licence?

NPR 5,000 to NPR 15,000

What happens if production, purchase, sales and stock books are kept without certification?

A fine of up to NPR 5,000

What action is taken against utensils, tools, machines, equipment and vehicles used directly or indirectly in an offence?

They are confiscated. However, if a vehicle was used without the owner's permission, it is not confiscated; the owner is fined NPR 25,000, and the driver is fined NPR 15,000, imprisoned for up to three months, or both, depending on the offence. A vehicle registered for hire but used by its owner in the offence is confiscated.

What fine applies if accounts are not kept for 6 years?

NPR 10,000

What penalty applies for not keeping accounts up to date, or not allowing inspection?

NPR 10,000 for not keeping accounts up to date, and NPR 5,000 each time inspection is refused.

What reward does an employee or police officer receive for presenting only goods seized on a tip-off?

25% of the value recovered from the seized excisable goods.

What reward is given to an employee or police officer who, on a tip-off, seizes goods and arrests the person involved?

25% of the value recovered from the excisable goods.

What is the maximum reward that can be given to an employee at one time?

Up to NPR 15,000 per person at one time.

How is a reward received when more than one person is entitled?

The 20% reward is shared proportionately.

What happens if uncertified books are used?

A fine of up to NPR 5,000

What reward is given to a person who seizes goods together with the person involved and presents them to the office?

Up to 30% of the value recovered from the excisable goods.

What reward is given to an informant reporting a breach of the Liquor Sales Regulation Directive?

Depending on the accuracy of the information, an incentive of up to NPR 10,000, as set by the department.

What are the rules for selling liquor and tobacco?

What special rule applies to selling cigarettes and tobacco products?

Within metropolitan, sub-metropolitan and municipal areas and along designated major highways, businesses dealing in liquor (other than hotels, restaurants and party palaces) may deal only in liquor and tobacco products.

When dealing in liquor, must I comply with the Excise Act or the Liquor Act?

Both. All provisions of both Acts must be fully complied with.

Must the sale price of domestically produced liquor be shown?

Yes

Licensed producers of liquor, beer and cigarettes must publish the prices at which they sell to distributors, wholesalers and retailers in a national newspaper, and print the maximum retail price on their products.

Which bodies control illegal liquor?

The Illegal Liquor Control Committee, Inland Revenue Offices and Taxpayer Service Offices, or in districts without them, Treasury and Accounts Controller Offices.

What counts as illegal liquor?

Liquor produced without a licence, bottled liquor without excise stamps, and liquor produced by copying another's brand. Transporting, storing, selling or distributing such liquor is also treated as trading in illegal liquor.

To whom may liquor be sold?

Producers may sell liquor only to holders of a liquor trading licence, and only within the conditions in the licence.

How must beer producers sell their products?

Only to holders of a beer wholesale licence, within the conditions and restrictions in the licence.

What licensing applies to liquor and beer production?

Why must distilleries keep an inspection book?

So that when the excise officer or assigned staff inspect a distillery or brewery, the date, time and any faults found in the production process are recorded, and those faults can be corrected over time.

Can a distillery sell its product loose or in jerrycans?

No

It may sell only in bottles as specified by the Inland Revenue Department.

Why must beer be pasteurised after bottling or canning?

To kill harmful microbes remaining in the beer.

Is the excise inspector or the factory owner responsible for safely storing finished liquor?

The factory owner

Is excise on liquor paid after removal or before?

Before removal. Proof of payment must accompany the request form.

What must be done to sell ethanol produced for blending with petrol?

It can be sold only to bodies approved by the Government or Nepal Oil Corporation, and only after the office approves removal of anhydrous ethanol blended with at least two percent petrol.

What is a flow meter?

A sealed automatic meter fitted to the pipe through which finished beer flows before final bottling, which transmits electronic data including the quantity of beer.

Why is a flow meter compulsory?

It makes beer flow easy to measure. Because it is automatic, the quantity flowing is readily known, and it prevents leakage of beer from the records.

Can ingredients other than spirit be added when making liquor?

Yes

Grain, fruit, malt or their essences can be blended with spirit to make various types of liquor.

How many copies of the removal request form are needed to remove liquor?

Four

Is there a prescribed yield for liquor production?

Yes:

Rectified spirit or ENA from molasses
at least 20 litres of rectified spirit of at least 65 OP, or 19 litres of ENA, per quintal of molasses distilled each month
Anhydrous ethanol
at least 19 litres of ethanol of at least 72 OP per quintal each month
ENA from rectified spirit
at least 95 litres per 100 litres of rectified spirit
From grain under customs heading 10.06 (rice, broken rice)
at least 40 litres of rectified spirit of 66 OP, or 38 litres of ENA, per quintal each month
From grains other than rice
at least 37 litres of rectified spirit of 66 OP, or 35.15 litres of ENA, per quintal
Wine from fruit
1.5 litres of wine at 12% alcohol per kilogram of fruit each month
From dried tapioca chips (cassava)
29.945 litres of rectified spirit of 66.5 OP per quintal

To produce rectified spirit or ENA from any other material, apply to the department in its prescribed format.

What raw materials are used to make liquor?

Molasses, jaggery, grain, fruit or any starchy material, and marcha (fermentation starter).

What happens if a liquor producer fails to store molasses, spirit and other raw materials properly and they are lost?

The revenue due at the highest rate applicable to the liquor the licensee produces is recovered from the licensee.

What must the label on each bottle of liquor show?

The batch number, serial number, production date, name of the licensed producer, trademark and strength.

How must raw materials for liquor be stored?

Molasses or khudo must be stored in steel tanks or covered, leak-proof concrete pits. Spirit must be stored in gauged steel tanks, wooden vats or HDPE tanks, so there is no loss.

What must be done to change a liquor brand, size or quality?

Obtain approval from the Inland Revenue Department.

How must liquor accounts be kept?

Liquor producers keep records showing the quantity and strength of liquor distilled from molasses in the format of Schedule 10, and a statement of liquor sales and the excise due in the format of Schedule 11. They also keep accounts of grain and fruit used, and certified statements of the liquor produced from them.

How much beer stock shortfall can be waived?

Up to 1.5% for the difference between the flow meter reading and the bottle counter stock, and up to 2% for breakage or spoilage during pasteurisation, packaging and storage.

How is a shortfall in liquor stock waived?

If a liquor producer's stock falls short by up to 1% through evaporation, denaturing, leakage or bottling, it must be shown in the monthly return and submitted to the excise officer for waiver. The officer examines it within thirty days and, if the reason is reasonable, decides whether to waive up to 1%.

What alcohol content can beer have?

From 0.5% to 8%

What ingredients are used to make beer?

Malt (barley), hops, water and yeast.

What is the procedure for removing beer?

Pay the excise and other taxes due on the beer, fill in the four-copy request form, attach the payment voucher, and submit it through the unit office to the excise officer for approval. Once the officer approves removal under the form, affix excise stamps and remove the beer.

What are the rules for cigarette and tobacco production?

What must cigarette-producing licensees do?

  • Keep accounts of raw and unprocessed tobacco in the prescribed format
  • Keep accounts of tobacco consumption in the prescribed format
  • Show the tobacco ratio in cigarettes
  • Pack finished cigarettes into packets
  • Pack the packets for dispatch

What is blending in cigarette production?

Mixing imported tobaccos of different types and qualities to make cigarettes of different brands and grades.

How are daily packed cigarettes and warehouse stock recorded?

Record the number of packets packed daily, serial numbers and closing date in the format of Schedule 7, and warehouse stock in the format of Schedule 8.

What is the prescribed yield for cigarette production?

As set by the department. Where it has not set one, the yield submitted by the factory can be recognised after review.

What does M mean in cigarette packing?

M is the cigarette packing unit. 1 M is 1,000 sticks.

How must cigarette packets be packed?

Pack finished packets into large cardboard boxes, recording clearly the number of packets closed daily, the box serial number and closing date in the format of Schedule 7, and keep warehouse stock accounts in the format of Schedule 8.

Does the definition of cigarettes include imported cigarettes?

Yes

What must be printed on every cigarette packet?

The production date, batch number, name and address of the licensed producer or importer, trademark, and on the outer, in Devanagari script, the statement that tobacco products are harmful to health. The outer must also show the maximum retail price and carry the health warnings prescribed by the Government.

How is moisture removed from tobacco, the main raw material of cigarettes?

The tobacco is placed in a dryer and hot air is blown through it. Once properly dried it is used to make cigarettes.

What are the main raw materials of bidi?

Domestic and foreign tobacco, and khair tree leaves or paper.

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Updated for FY 2083/84 (2026/27). Based on the Inland Revenue Department’s published FAQ, rewritten in English and revised to current rates. Checked against ICAN’s Budget Highlights 2083/84 and the Finance Act 2083 amendments. General information, not advice.

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